L1: Athens Democracy
4 detailed 50-minute lessons with teaching scripts, worked examples, parent guides, and assessment criteria.
Lesson Overview
Total Lessons: 4
Tier: Foundation and Higher
Duration: 50 minutes per lesson (200 minutes total)
Exam Boards: OCR
Tier: Foundation and Higher
Duration: 50 minutes per lesson (200 minutes total)
Exam Boards: OCR
Learning Objectives
- Master core concepts of athens democracy
- Apply to exam questions confidently
- Develop independent study skills
- Build cross-topic connections
Prerequisites
- Review prior learning in this subject
- Key vocab: key vocabulary for l1
- Basic skills: basic literacy and numeracy
Materials & Equipment
- Exercise book, coloured pens
- Scientific calculator
- Ruler, protractor, compass (if needed)
- Printed spec/textbook reference
- Internet for videos (see Resources)
Lesson 1: Introduction: Athens Democracy
Duration: 50 minutes
Starter Activity (5 minutes)
Quick Recall
3 quick questions to activate prior knowledge about athens democracy. Use mini-whiteboard or paper.
Main Content (35 minutes)
Parent/Teacher Guide:
Before lesson: Read script below. Prepare materials. Pre-teach key vocab: Athens Democracy.
If stuck: See Troubleshooting below. Break into smaller steps.
Extension: See Stretch & Challenge section.
Before lesson: Read script below. Prepare materials. Pre-teach key vocab: Athens Democracy.
If stuck: See Troubleshooting below. Break into smaller steps.
Extension: See Stretch & Challenge section.
Teaching Script (35 mins):
Mins 0-5 - Hook: "Today: Athens Democracy. Goal: by the end you can ✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics, using the method shown step by step. Connects to the previous lesson in this unit because you'll reuse its method throughout today's work."
Mins 5-15 - Direct Instruction: 1) Define: "Athens Democracy is..." 2) Key principle: "Most important:..." 3) Draw diagram, label live. 4) Real example: "Like ✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics - a real example worked through in full..."
Mins 15-25 - Guided Practice: Ex1: Teacher models. Ex2: Student tries with guidance. Ex3: Student independent.
Mins 25-35 - Independent Practice: 3-5 questions. Immediate feedback.
Mins 0-5 - Hook: "Today: Athens Democracy. Goal: by the end you can ✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics, using the method shown step by step. Connects to the previous lesson in this unit because you'll reuse its method throughout today's work."
Mins 5-15 - Direct Instruction: 1) Define: "Athens Democracy is..." 2) Key principle: "Most important:..." 3) Draw diagram, label live. 4) Real example: "Like ✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics - a real example worked through in full..."
Mins 15-25 - Guided Practice: Ex1: Teacher models. Ex2: Student tries with guidance. Ex3: Student independent.
Mins 25-35 - Independent Practice: 3-5 questions. Immediate feedback.
Worked Example 1: Basic
Q: ✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics
- What is asked? Explain
- Recall knowledge:
- Apply: ✗ Solon created democracy ✓ Solon laid the foundations by cancelling debts and banning debt slavery, but full democracy was created by Cleisthenes (508 BC) and extended by Pericles (450s BC) ✗ Ostracism was a criminal punishment ✓ Ostracism was not a criminal penalty — no crime needed to be proved. It was a political tool to remove anyone deemed too powerful or a threat to democracy
- Check: Check the units named in the question and sense-check the size of your answer.
- Answer: State the complete final answer.
Tip: "Show working - method marks > answer marks."
Worked Example 2: Multi-step
Q: ✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics
- Break down: Separate parts?
- Solve each: ✗ Solon created democracy ✓ Solon laid the foundations by cancelling debts and banning debt slavery, but full democracy was created by Cleisthenes (508 BC) and extended by Pericles (450s BC) ✗ Ostracism was a criminal punishment ✓ Ostracism was not a criminal penalty — no crime needed to be proved.
- Combine: The parts chain: each answer feeds the next step of the question.
- Final answer: Evidence cited from the lesson content.
Worked Example 3: Data/Application
Q: ✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics
- Read data: Axes, units, scale
- Patterns: Trends, anomalies
- Explain: Why? Using athens democracy
- Conclude: Evidence-based
Common Questions & Troubleshooting
Q: "Why does Athens Democracy work this way?"
A: Analogy: "✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics". Try re-draw or re-write the worked example from memory, then check it against the model answer.
A: Analogy: "✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics". Try re-draw or re-write the worked example from memory, then check it against the model answer.
Q: "Wrong answers on calculations."
A: Checklist: units? formula? calculator mode? sig figs?
A: Checklist: units? formula? calculator mode? sig figs?
Q: "Can't remember key terms."
A: Flashcards (term front, def+diagram back). Spaced repetition: day 1, 3, 7.
A: Flashcards (term front, def+diagram back). Spaced repetition: day 1, 3, 7.
Q: "Exam wording confuses me."
A: Commands: Describe=what you see; Explain=reasons; Evaluate=pros/cons+judgement; Calculate=working+units.
A: Commands: Describe=what you see; Explain=reasons; Evaluate=pros/cons+judgement; Calculate=working+units.
Q: "Running out of time."
A: 1 mark/min. Skip hard, return. Attempt all - partial marks count.
A: 1 mark/min. Skip hard, return. Attempt all - partial marks count.
Assessment & Model Answers
Mastery Checklist:
- [ ] Define Athens Democracy in own words
- [ ] Identify features in diagram
- [ ] Explain process step-by-step
- [ ] Apply to unfamiliar context
- [ ] Score 80%+ on past paper question
Model Answer: Past Paper Question
Q: ✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics
- 1 mark: [Key terminology]
- 1 mark: [Mechanism/process]
- 1 mark: [Application/example]
- 1 mark: [Evaluation - Higher]
Model response: "[Complete answer with expected detail/terminology]"
Why full marks: [What makes this strong]
Stretch & Challenge (Grade 8-9):
- Synoptic links: Connect to the previous lesson / greek-city-states
- Real-world: Research use in industry, medicine or research
- Advanced calc: Try a more challenging variant
- Critical: "Evaluate limitations of today's model"
- Research: Recent discovery on athens democracy, summarise 100 words
Plenary (5 mins)
Label the Diagram
Unlabelled diagram - write all parts in 1 min
Assessment Criteria
- Got it: Confident explanation + correct worked examples
- Getting there: Main points OK, needs support with detail
- Not yet: Confused on key concepts, needs reteaching
Lesson 2: Core Concepts: Athens Democracy
Duration: 50 minutes
Starter Activity (5 minutes)
Review Previous Lesson
Quick recap: write 3 key points from last lesson on athens democracy. Use mini-whiteboard or paper.
Main Content (35 minutes)
Parent/Teacher Guide:
Before lesson: Read script below. Prepare materials. Pre-teach key vocab: Athens Democracy.
If stuck: See Troubleshooting below. Break into smaller steps.
Extension: See Stretch & Challenge section.
Before lesson: Read script below. Prepare materials. Pre-teach key vocab: Athens Democracy.
If stuck: See Troubleshooting below. Break into smaller steps.
Extension: See Stretch & Challenge section.
Teaching Script (35 mins):
Mins 0-5 - Hook: "Today: Athens Democracy. Goal: by the end you can ✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics, using the method shown step by step. Connects to the previous lesson in this unit because you'll reuse its method throughout today's work."
Mins 5-15 - Direct Instruction: 1) Define: "Athens Democracy is..." 2) Key principle: "Most important:..." 3) Draw diagram, label live. 4) Real example: "Like ✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics - a real example worked through in full..."
Mins 15-25 - Guided Practice: Ex1: Teacher models. Ex2: Student tries with guidance. Ex3: Student independent.
Mins 25-35 - Independent Practice: 3-5 questions. Immediate feedback.
Mins 0-5 - Hook: "Today: Athens Democracy. Goal: by the end you can ✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics, using the method shown step by step. Connects to the previous lesson in this unit because you'll reuse its method throughout today's work."
Mins 5-15 - Direct Instruction: 1) Define: "Athens Democracy is..." 2) Key principle: "Most important:..." 3) Draw diagram, label live. 4) Real example: "Like ✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics - a real example worked through in full..."
Mins 15-25 - Guided Practice: Ex1: Teacher models. Ex2: Student tries with guidance. Ex3: Student independent.
Mins 25-35 - Independent Practice: 3-5 questions. Immediate feedback.
Worked Example 1: Basic
Q: ✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics
- What is asked? Explain
- Recall knowledge:
- Apply: ✗ Solon created democracy ✓ Solon laid the foundations by cancelling debts and banning debt slavery, but full democracy was created by Cleisthenes (508 BC) and extended by Pericles (450s BC) ✗ Ostracism was a criminal punishment ✓ Ostracism was not a criminal penalty — no crime needed to be proved. It was a political tool to remove anyone deemed too powerful or a threat to democracy
- Check: Check the units named in the question and sense-check the size of your answer.
- Answer: State the complete final answer.
Tip: "Show working - method marks > answer marks."
Worked Example 2: Multi-step
Q: ✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics
- Break down: Separate parts?
- Solve each: ✗ Solon created democracy ✓ Solon laid the foundations by cancelling debts and banning debt slavery, but full democracy was created by Cleisthenes (508 BC) and extended by Pericles (450s BC) ✗ Ostracism was a criminal punishment ✓ Ostracism was not a criminal penalty — no crime needed to be proved.
- Combine: The parts chain: each answer feeds the next step of the question.
- Final answer: Evidence cited from the lesson content.
Worked Example 3: Data/Application
Q: ✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics
- Read data: Axes, units, scale
- Patterns: Trends, anomalies
- Explain: Why? Using athens democracy
- Conclude: Evidence-based
Common Questions & Troubleshooting
Q: "Why does Athens Democracy work this way?"
A: Analogy: "✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics". Try re-draw or re-write the worked example from memory, then check it against the model answer.
A: Analogy: "✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics". Try re-draw or re-write the worked example from memory, then check it against the model answer.
Q: "Wrong answers on calculations."
A: Checklist: units? formula? calculator mode? sig figs?
A: Checklist: units? formula? calculator mode? sig figs?
Q: "Can't remember key terms."
A: Flashcards (term front, def+diagram back). Spaced repetition: day 1, 3, 7.
A: Flashcards (term front, def+diagram back). Spaced repetition: day 1, 3, 7.
Q: "Exam wording confuses me."
A: Commands: Describe=what you see; Explain=reasons; Evaluate=pros/cons+judgement; Calculate=working+units.
A: Commands: Describe=what you see; Explain=reasons; Evaluate=pros/cons+judgement; Calculate=working+units.
Q: "Running out of time."
A: 1 mark/min. Skip hard, return. Attempt all - partial marks count.
A: 1 mark/min. Skip hard, return. Attempt all - partial marks count.
Assessment & Model Answers
Mastery Checklist:
- [ ] Define Athens Democracy in own words
- [ ] Identify features in diagram
- [ ] Explain process step-by-step
- [ ] Apply to unfamiliar context
- [ ] Score 80%+ on past paper question
Model Answer: Past Paper Question
Q: ✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics
- 1 mark: [Key terminology]
- 1 mark: [Mechanism/process]
- 1 mark: [Application/example]
- 1 mark: [Evaluation - Higher]
Model response: "[Complete answer with expected detail/terminology]"
Why full marks: [What makes this strong]
Stretch & Challenge (Grade 8-9):
- Synoptic links: Connect to the previous lesson / greek-city-states
- Real-world: Research use in industry, medicine or research
- Advanced calc: Try a more challenging variant
- Critical: "Evaluate limitations of today's model"
- Research: Recent discovery on athens democracy, summarise 100 words
Plenary (5 mins)
Label the Diagram
Unlabelled diagram - write all parts in 1 min
Assessment Criteria
- Got it: Confident explanation + correct worked examples
- Getting there: Main points OK, needs support with detail
- Not yet: Confused on key concepts, needs reteaching
Lesson 3: Application: Athens Democracy
Duration: 50 minutes
Starter Activity (5 minutes)
Review Previous Lesson
Quick recap: write 3 key points from last lesson on athens democracy. Use mini-whiteboard or paper.
Main Content (35 minutes)
Parent/Teacher Guide:
Before lesson: Read script below. Prepare materials. Pre-teach key vocab: Athens Democracy.
If stuck: See Troubleshooting below. Break into smaller steps.
Extension: See Stretch & Challenge section.
Before lesson: Read script below. Prepare materials. Pre-teach key vocab: Athens Democracy.
If stuck: See Troubleshooting below. Break into smaller steps.
Extension: See Stretch & Challenge section.
Teaching Script (35 mins):
Mins 0-5 - Hook: "Today: Athens Democracy. Goal: by the end you can ✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics, using the method shown step by step. Connects to the previous lesson in this unit because you'll reuse its method throughout today's work."
Mins 5-15 - Direct Instruction: 1) Define: "Athens Democracy is..." 2) Key principle: "Most important:..." 3) Draw diagram, label live. 4) Real example: "Like ✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics - a real example worked through in full..."
Mins 15-25 - Guided Practice: Ex1: Teacher models. Ex2: Student tries with guidance. Ex3: Student independent.
Mins 25-35 - Independent Practice: 3-5 questions. Immediate feedback.
Mins 0-5 - Hook: "Today: Athens Democracy. Goal: by the end you can ✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics, using the method shown step by step. Connects to the previous lesson in this unit because you'll reuse its method throughout today's work."
Mins 5-15 - Direct Instruction: 1) Define: "Athens Democracy is..." 2) Key principle: "Most important:..." 3) Draw diagram, label live. 4) Real example: "Like ✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics - a real example worked through in full..."
Mins 15-25 - Guided Practice: Ex1: Teacher models. Ex2: Student tries with guidance. Ex3: Student independent.
Mins 25-35 - Independent Practice: 3-5 questions. Immediate feedback.
Worked Example 1: Basic
Q: ✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics
- What is asked? Explain
- Recall knowledge:
- Apply: ✗ Solon created democracy ✓ Solon laid the foundations by cancelling debts and banning debt slavery, but full democracy was created by Cleisthenes (508 BC) and extended by Pericles (450s BC) ✗ Ostracism was a criminal punishment ✓ Ostracism was not a criminal penalty — no crime needed to be proved. It was a political tool to remove anyone deemed too powerful or a threat to democracy
- Check: Check the units named in the question and sense-check the size of your answer.
- Answer: State the complete final answer.
Tip: "Show working - method marks > answer marks."
Worked Example 2: Multi-step
Q: ✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics
- Break down: Separate parts?
- Solve each: ✗ Solon created democracy ✓ Solon laid the foundations by cancelling debts and banning debt slavery, but full democracy was created by Cleisthenes (508 BC) and extended by Pericles (450s BC) ✗ Ostracism was a criminal punishment ✓ Ostracism was not a criminal penalty — no crime needed to be proved.
- Combine: The parts chain: each answer feeds the next step of the question.
- Final answer: Evidence cited from the lesson content.
Worked Example 3: Data/Application
Q: ✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics
- Read data: Axes, units, scale
- Patterns: Trends, anomalies
- Explain: Why? Using athens democracy
- Conclude: Evidence-based
Common Questions & Troubleshooting
Q: "Why does Athens Democracy work this way?"
A: Analogy: "✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics". Try re-draw or re-write the worked example from memory, then check it against the model answer.
A: Analogy: "✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics". Try re-draw or re-write the worked example from memory, then check it against the model answer.
Q: "Wrong answers on calculations."
A: Checklist: units? formula? calculator mode? sig figs?
A: Checklist: units? formula? calculator mode? sig figs?
Q: "Can't remember key terms."
A: Flashcards (term front, def+diagram back). Spaced repetition: day 1, 3, 7.
A: Flashcards (term front, def+diagram back). Spaced repetition: day 1, 3, 7.
Q: "Exam wording confuses me."
A: Commands: Describe=what you see; Explain=reasons; Evaluate=pros/cons+judgement; Calculate=working+units.
A: Commands: Describe=what you see; Explain=reasons; Evaluate=pros/cons+judgement; Calculate=working+units.
Q: "Running out of time."
A: 1 mark/min. Skip hard, return. Attempt all - partial marks count.
A: 1 mark/min. Skip hard, return. Attempt all - partial marks count.
Assessment & Model Answers
Mastery Checklist:
- [ ] Define Athens Democracy in own words
- [ ] Identify features in diagram
- [ ] Explain process step-by-step
- [ ] Apply to unfamiliar context
- [ ] Score 80%+ on past paper question
Model Answer: Past Paper Question
Q: ✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics
- 1 mark: [Key terminology]
- 1 mark: [Mechanism/process]
- 1 mark: [Application/example]
- 1 mark: [Evaluation - Higher]
Model response: "[Complete answer with expected detail/terminology]"
Why full marks: [What makes this strong]
Stretch & Challenge (Grade 8-9):
- Synoptic links: Connect to the previous lesson / greek-city-states
- Real-world: Research use in industry, medicine or research
- Advanced calc: Try a more challenging variant
- Critical: "Evaluate limitations of today's model"
- Research: Recent discovery on athens democracy, summarise 100 words
Plenary (5 mins)
Exam Question Speed Round
5 quick questions, 1 min each. Mark together.
Assessment Criteria
- Got it: Confident explanation + correct worked examples
- Getting there: Main points OK, needs support with detail
- Not yet: Confused on key concepts, needs reteaching
Lesson 4: Exam Practice: Athens Democracy
Duration: 50 minutes
Starter Activity (5 minutes)
Review Previous Lesson
Quick recap: write 3 key points from last lesson on athens democracy. Use mini-whiteboard or paper.
Main Content (35 minutes)
Parent/Teacher Guide:
Before lesson: Read script below. Prepare materials. Pre-teach key vocab: Athens Democracy.
If stuck: See Troubleshooting below. Break into smaller steps.
Extension: See Stretch & Challenge section.
Before lesson: Read script below. Prepare materials. Pre-teach key vocab: Athens Democracy.
If stuck: See Troubleshooting below. Break into smaller steps.
Extension: See Stretch & Challenge section.
Teaching Script (35 mins):
Mins 0-5 - Hook: "Today: Athens Democracy. Goal: by the end you can ✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics, using the method shown step by step. Connects to the previous lesson in this unit because you'll reuse its method throughout today's work."
Mins 5-15 - Direct Instruction: 1) Define: "Athens Democracy is..." 2) Key principle: "Most important:..." 3) Draw diagram, label live. 4) Real example: "Like ✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics - a real example worked through in full..."
Mins 15-25 - Guided Practice: Ex1: Teacher models. Ex2: Student tries with guidance. Ex3: Student independent.
Mins 25-35 - Independent Practice: 3-5 questions. Immediate feedback.
Mins 0-5 - Hook: "Today: Athens Democracy. Goal: by the end you can ✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics, using the method shown step by step. Connects to the previous lesson in this unit because you'll reuse its method throughout today's work."
Mins 5-15 - Direct Instruction: 1) Define: "Athens Democracy is..." 2) Key principle: "Most important:..." 3) Draw diagram, label live. 4) Real example: "Like ✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics - a real example worked through in full..."
Mins 15-25 - Guided Practice: Ex1: Teacher models. Ex2: Student tries with guidance. Ex3: Student independent.
Mins 25-35 - Independent Practice: 3-5 questions. Immediate feedback.
Worked Example 1: Basic
Q: ✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics
- What is asked? Explain
- Recall knowledge:
- Apply: ✗ Solon created democracy ✓ Solon laid the foundations by cancelling debts and banning debt slavery, but full democracy was created by Cleisthenes (508 BC) and extended by Pericles (450s BC) ✗ Ostracism was a criminal punishment ✓ Ostracism was not a criminal penalty — no crime needed to be proved. It was a political tool to remove anyone deemed too powerful or a threat to democracy
- Check: Check the units named in the question and sense-check the size of your answer.
- Answer: State the complete final answer.
Tip: "Show working - method marks > answer marks."
Worked Example 2: Multi-step
Q: ✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics
- Break down: Separate parts?
- Solve each: ✗ Solon created democracy ✓ Solon laid the foundations by cancelling debts and banning debt slavery, but full democracy was created by Cleisthenes (508 BC) and extended by Pericles (450s BC) ✗ Ostracism was a criminal punishment ✓ Ostracism was not a criminal penalty — no crime needed to be proved.
- Combine: The parts chain: each answer feeds the next step of the question.
- Final answer: Evidence cited from the lesson content.
Worked Example 3: Data/Application
Q: ✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics
- Read data: Axes, units, scale
- Patterns: Trends, anomalies
- Explain: Why? Using athens democracy
- Conclude: Evidence-based
Common Questions & Troubleshooting
Q: "Why does Athens Democracy work this way?"
A: Analogy: "✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics". Try re-draw or re-write the worked example from memory, then check it against the model answer.
A: Analogy: "✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics". Try re-draw or re-write the worked example from memory, then check it against the model answer.
Q: "Wrong answers on calculations."
A: Checklist: units? formula? calculator mode? sig figs?
A: Checklist: units? formula? calculator mode? sig figs?
Q: "Can't remember key terms."
A: Flashcards (term front, def+diagram back). Spaced repetition: day 1, 3, 7.
A: Flashcards (term front, def+diagram back). Spaced repetition: day 1, 3, 7.
Q: "Exam wording confuses me."
A: Commands: Describe=what you see; Explain=reasons; Evaluate=pros/cons+judgement; Calculate=working+units.
A: Commands: Describe=what you see; Explain=reasons; Evaluate=pros/cons+judgement; Calculate=working+units.
Q: "Running out of time."
A: 1 mark/min. Skip hard, return. Attempt all - partial marks count.
A: 1 mark/min. Skip hard, return. Attempt all - partial marks count.
Assessment & Model Answers
Mastery Checklist:
- [ ] Define Athens Democracy in own words
- [ ] Identify features in diagram
- [ ] Explain process step-by-step
- [ ] Apply to unfamiliar context
- [ ] Score 80%+ on past paper question
Model Answer: Past Paper Question
Q: ✗ Athenian democracy included all residents ✓ Only free adult male citizens (perhaps 10-20% of the population) could participate. Women, slaves and metics were completely excluded from politics
- 1 mark: [Key terminology]
- 1 mark: [Mechanism/process]
- 1 mark: [Application/example]
- 1 mark: [Evaluation - Higher]
Model response: "[Complete answer with expected detail/terminology]"
Why full marks: [What makes this strong]
Stretch & Challenge (Grade 8-9):
- Synoptic links: Connect to the previous lesson / greek-city-states
- Real-world: Research use in industry, medicine or research
- Advanced calc: Try a more challenging variant
- Critical: "Evaluate limitations of today's model"
- Research: Recent discovery on athens democracy, summarise 100 words
Plenary (5 mins)
Exam Question Speed Round
5 quick questions, 1 min each. Mark together.
Assessment Criteria
- Got it: Confident explanation + correct worked examples
- Getting there: Main points OK, needs support with detail
- Not yet: Confused on key concepts, needs reteaching
📝 Mark Scheme Guidance
How examiners mark L1: Read the command word carefully — State = one word/phrase (1 mark), Describe = pattern or detail (2 marks), Explain = reason with "because" (2–3 marks), Compare = similarities AND differences, Evaluate = both sides + conclusion. Method marks are awarded for correct working even if the final answer is wrong. Always show your working — unexplained answers score zero for AO2.
Success on L1 questions: Underline the command word, count the marks (one mark per point expected), and answer in the format the command word demands.
Board Notes & Revision Links
This lesson is examined by: OCR J198. Tier and paper details vary - always check your board's current specification.
Follow-up revision: ah3-athens-democracy on GCSE Revise (notes, flashcards and auto-graded target tests for this exact topic).
Homework & Consolidation
- Consolidation: Textbook end-of-topic questions (30 mins)
- Retrieval: 10 flashcards for key terms (15 mins)
- Exam practice: 2 past paper questions (20 mins)
- Extension: Research real-world application (optional, 30 mins)