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FR11: Hobbies and Interests

Foundation Higher AQAEdexcelOCREduqasCCEA

Country prepositions (en, au, aux), question formation, pouvoir/devoir/vouloir/il faut, and depuis vs pendant — with photo-card and writing exam technique.

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📋 Key Concepts: Prepositions, Questions and Modal Verbs

Three small toolkits unlock fluent questions and opinions: prepositions (especially with countries and places), the three ways to form questions, and the modal verbs that turn simple verbs into plans, possibilities and obligations.

DestinationPrepositionExample
CitiesàJe vais à Paris.
Feminine countries/regionsenen France, en Espagne, en Écosse
Masculine countriesauau Pays de Galles, au Portugal
Plural countriesauxaux États-Unis, aux Pays-Bas
Coming fromde / du / de la / desje viens de Londres, du Japon, des Pays-Bas

📝 Three Ways to Ask a Question

MethodExampleRegister
IntonationTu viens ?Spoken, informal
Est-ce que + statementEst-ce que tu viens ?Neutral — always safe in writing
InversionVenez-vous ?Formal; adds -t- after il/elle (a-t-il ?)

Question words: qui (who), que/quoi (what), quand (when), où (where), pourquoi (why), comment (how), combien (de) (how many/much), quel/quelle/quels/quelles (which — agrees with the noun: quelle matière). Photo-card questions are almost always qu’est-ce qu’il y a… / que fait… / où… — recognise them instantly.

📝 Modal Verbs: pouvoir, devoir, vouloir, il faut

ModalPresent formsMeaningExample
pouvoirpeux, peux, peut, pouvons, pouvez, peuventcan / to be ableJe peux venir samedi.
devoirdois, dois, doit, devons, devez, doiventmust / to have toJe dois réviser ce soir.
vouloirveux, veux, veut, voulons, voulez, veulentto wantJe veux travailler à l’étranger.
il fautil faut (invariable)it is necessaryIl faut apprendre les verbes.

Modals are followed by an INFINITIVE — no preposition: je peux jouer (never « je peux de jouer »). Conditional forms soften opinions: je voudrais (I would like), je devrais (I should), on pourrait (we could) — three conditional modals that lift a photo-card or writing answer instantly.

📝 depuis vs pendant

depuis + present tense for an action still ongoing: j’apprends le français depuis trois ans (I have been learning… for three years). pendant for a completed duration: j’ai habité à Lyon pendant deux ans. Using depuis + present where English uses the present perfect is a hallmark of a strong candidate.

🧮 Worked Examples — Exam Style

Translate: “We have lived in Wales for five years and we want to move to the United States.”

« Nous habitons au Pays de Galles depuis cinq ans et nous voulons déménager aux États-Unis. »

au + masculine country, depuis + PRESENT (not “we have lived”), aux + plural country, vouloir + infinitive. Four marks, all structural.

Photo card: say what the people must/could do and what you would like to do.

« À mon avis, ils doivent faire attention parce que la mer est dangereuse. On pourrait nager plus près de la plage. Moi, je voudrais essayer le surf un jour. »

devoir + inf, pouvoir + inf, vouloir conditional — three modals, three justifications: the exact shape examiners want in speaking follow-ups.

❓ Practice Questions

Q1: Preposition: « Je vais ___ Espagne cet été. »

Q2: Preposition: « Il travaille ___ États-Unis. »

Q3: Ask formally: « You (vous) come tomorrow? » using inversion.

Q4: Which question word: « ___ matière préfères-tu ? » (which subject)

Q5: Modal + infinitive: « I must do my homework. »

Q6: depuis or pendant: « J’étudie le français ___ deux ans. »

✅ Answers

  1. en Espagne (feminine country)
  2. aux États-Unis (plural)
  3. Venez-vous demain ?
  4. Quelle matière…
  5. Je dois faire mes devoirs.
  6. depuis (still studying → depuis + present)

📌 Key Facts to Memorise

🗺️ In the Exam

Role-plays and photo cards are MODAL-verb territory: justify with « il faut + inf » and hypothesise with « on pourrait + inf ». In the 90/150-word tasks, a « je voudrais… parce que » plan sentence for the future plus a « depuis + present » line for the past covers two assessment criteria in two sentences. Question formation matters for the conversation: asking the examiner one question (« Et vous ? ») is often required — never answer in monologue.

⚠️ Common Errors

📖 Detailed Notes: Question Nuances and Modal Tenses

Question words with prepositions: à qui (to whom), avec qui (with whom), de quoi (about what), pour qui (for whom): De quoi parlez-vous ? — Avec qui vas-tu au cinéma ? These appear in Higher listening and reading far more than plain qui/que.

combien de vs combien: combien de temps / d’argent (how much time/money — combien DE + noun) vs combien êtes-vous ? (no de before a pronoun).

Inversion with names: Marie vient-elle ? — the pronoun repeats after the name, with -t- bridging vowels: Jean a-t-il un frère ? Formal, but examiners award the structure when used correctly.

Modals in past tenses carry idiom: je devais partir = I was supposed to leave · j’ai pu finir = I managed to finish · je n’ai pas pu venir = I couldn’t come. The imperfect of vouloir sets up broken plans — the most useful « problème » sentence in a 150-word task: je voulais sortir mais il pleuvait.

⚡ Targeted Drills

Q7: Translate: « I couldn’t go to school because I was ill. »

Q8: Translate: « With whom are you going to the match? »

Answers: 7. « Je n’ai pas pu aller au collège parce que j’étais malade. » 8. « Avec qui vas-tu au match ? »

📝 Question Walkthrough: The Six Conversation Topics

The general conversation rotates around six topic areas. For each: the question you will hear, and a modal-rich model answer with a follow-up question of your own:

Every answer contains one modal (deux or three) and ends with a question back to the examiner — the two habits that separate grade 7 from grade 5 in the speaking exam.

📋 Key Vocabulary and Structures — Prepositional Phrases

🧭 Board Focus — Pearson Edexcel

Spec 1xx0 family. Four papers (listening, speaking, reading, writing) at Foundation/Higher. Edexcel's speaking = picture-based task + conversation; its reading paper includes a short translation INTO English. Edexcel rewards verb-tense variety — plan two tenses into every speaking and written answer.

Always check: specification details change — confirm paper structure and set texts against the current specification for your exam year.

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