amazon.co.ukStrategy and the External Environment
A-Level Business Studies revision: Strategy and the External Environment. Learning objectives, key points, worked examples and practice questions across AQA, Edexcel, OCR, WJEC and CCEA.
📌 Key Points
Key Fact: SWOT: internal S/W, external O/T; PESTEL: Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, Legal
Key Fact: Porter 5 Forces: rivalry, new entrants, substitutes, buyer power, supplier power
Key Fact: Core competences: valuable, rare, inimitable, non-substitutable (VRIN)
Key Fact: Boston Matrix: Stars (high share, high growth), Cash Cows (high share, low growth), Question Marks (low share, high growth), Dogs (low share, low growth)
Key Fact: Ansoff: existing/new products x existing/new markets -> 4 strategies
Key Fact: Porter Generic: Cost leadership (lowest cost), Differentiation (unique value), Focus (niche)
Key Fact: Organic: internal investment; Inorganic: M&A (horizontal, vertical, conglomerate), strategic alliances, joint ventures, franchising
Key Fact: Change: Kotter 8 steps (urgency, coalition, vision, communicate, empower, wins, consolidate, anchor); Lewin: unfreeze, change, refreeze
Key Fact: CSR: Carroll (economic, legal, ethical, philanthropic); Stakeholder theory vs shareholder primacy; Triple bottom line (people, planet, profit)
🎯 Learning Objectives
- Apply strategic analysis: SWOT, PESTEL, Porter's Five Forces, Core Competences, Boston Matrix
- Evaluate strategic direction: Ansoff Matrix (market penetration, development, product development, diversification)
- Analyse competitive strategy: Porter's Generic (cost leadership, differentiation, focus)
- Evaluate growth methods: organic (internal) vs inorganic (M&A, alliances, franchising)
- Understand strategic implementation: resource allocation, change management (Kotter, Lewin), KPIs
- Analyse business ethics and CSR: Carroll's pyramid, stakeholders vs shareholders
💡 Worked Example
Exam-Style Question
Question: Use Porter's Five Forces to analyse the UK supermarket industry
Model Answer:
Rivalry: high (Tesco, Sainsbury, Asda, Morrisons, Aldi, Lidl -- price wars). New entrants: low (high capital, established supply chains, brand loyalty). Substitutes: medium (convenience stores, online, markets). Buyer power: high (price-sensitive, low switching cost, loyalty cards). Supplier power: medium (large buyers, but branded goods have power). Overall: low profitability
❓ Practice Questions
Questions:
- Apply PESTEL to electric vehicle industry
- Place Apple products in Boston Matrix
- Compare cost leadership vs differentiation for Ryanair vs BA
- Evaluate M&A vs organic growth for tech startup
- Apply Kotter to digital transformation
🎬 Video Resources
- Strategy and the External Environment - Overview -- YouTube Search
- Strategy and the External Environment - Exam Questions -- YouTube Search
📄 Past Papers & Exam Resources
🔗 Further Reading & Resources
- Physics & Maths Tutor - Strategy and the External Environment -- Free notes, worksheets, and past paper questions by topic
- Dr Frost Maths - Strategy and the External Environment -- Free resources, slides, and interactive questions
- BBC Bitesize - Strategy and the External Environment -- BBC Bitesize revision resources