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Latin Revision Guides
A-Level Revision Aid: This resource is designed to support your revision and may contain errors. If you find a discrepancy with your class teaching, your teacher is correct — please let us know at alevelrevise@scott.scottrix.co.uk.

LT1: Advanced Latin Syntax, Cicero and Virgil

Year 1 / ASYear 2 / A-Level All Boards (AQA, Edexcel, OCR, WJEC, CCEA) AQA

Ablative absolute, indirect speech, subjunctive clauses (purpose, result, fearing), dactylic hexameter, Aeneid literary analysis.

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📋 Key Definitions and Core Concepts

Ablative Absolute: A participial construction in the ablative case functioning as a standalone adverbial clause (noun + participle).
Dactylic Hexameter: The classical epic metre consisting of six metrical feet (dactyls -uu and spondees --).

🔍 Key Principles & Specification Requirements

  • Subjunctive constructions: Purpose (ut/ne + subj), Result (ut + subj with signpost word), Indirect Question, Fearing clauses (ne + subj).
  • Gerunds (-ndum verbal noun) and Gerundives (-ndus verbal adjective denoting obligation: Carthago delenda est).
  • Virgilian epic themes in the Aeneid: pietas (duty to gods/family/Rome), fate, tragic cost of Roman imperial destiny.

💡 Worked Example Question

Exam-Style Question

Question:

Translate and explain the grammatical construction of: 'urbe capta, cives fugerunt'.

Model Solution & Mark Scheme:

Translation: 'When the city was captured, the citizens fled' (or 'The city having been captured...').
Grammar: 'urbe capta' is an Ablative Absolute, composed of the noun 'urbe' (ablative feminine singular) and the perfect passive participle 'capta' (ablative feminine singular), expressing time and circumstance independent of the main clause.

❓ Practice Questions & Mark Schemes

Q1: Explain the significance of Advanced Latin Syntax, Cicero and Virgil in A-Level examination contexts.

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Answer: Demonstrate clear conceptual understanding of Advanced Latin Syntax, Cicero and Virgil, defining core terminology and citing relevant principles or case examples.

Q2: Evaluate key arguments or methodologies concerning Advanced Latin Syntax, Cicero and Virgil.

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Answer: Contrast competing perspectives, discuss empirical evidence or theoretical limitations, and synthesize a balanced, well-reasoned conclusion.

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