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Geography Revision Guides
A-Level Revise Aid: This resource is designed to support your revision and may contain errors. If you find a discrepancy with your class teaching, your teacher is correct -- please let us know at alevelrevise@scott.scottrix.co.uk.

Hazards and Global Issues

Year 1 / ASYear 2 / A-Level All Boards (AQA, Edexcel, OCR, WJEC, CCEA) AQA

A-Level Geography revision: Hazards and Global Issues. Learning objectives, key points, worked examples and practice questions across AQA, Edexcel, OCR, WJEC and CCEA.

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📌 Key Points

Key Fact: Tectonic: plate boundaries; Climatic: atmospheric; Geomorphological: slope failure
Key Fact: Risk = Hazard x Vulnerability / Capacity to cope; PAR model (Pressure And Release)
Key Fact: Evidence: Keeling curve, IPCC reports, proxy data (ice cores, tree rings); GHG: CO₂, CH₄, N₂O
Key Fact: Impacts: sea level rise (thermal expansion, ice melt), extreme weather, biome shifts, ocean acidification
Key Fact: Adaptation: adjust to effects (sea walls, drought crops); Mitigation: reduce causes (renewables, reforestation, CCS)
Key Fact: Paris 2015: <2 deg C, pursue 1.5 deg C; NDCs; climate finance; Loss and Damage; CBDR (common but differentiated responsibilities)

🎯 Learning Objectives

  • Classify hazards: tectonic (earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis), climatic (storms, droughts, heatwaves), geomorphological (landslides)
  • Analyse hazard risk: probability x magnitude x vulnerability; risk equation
  • Explain climate change: evidence (ice cores, temp records), causes (anthropogenic GHG), impacts (sea level, extremes, ecosystems)
  • Evaluate management: prediction, preparation, prevention; adaptation vs mitigation
  • Understand global governance: Paris Agreement, UNFCCC, Sendai Framework, climate justice

💡 Worked Example

Exam-Style Question

Question: Explain why vulnerability is a key component of hazard risk

Model Answer:

Same magnitude earthquake: Haiti 2010 (M7.0, 230k deaths) vs Chile 2010 (M8.8, 500 deaths). Haiti: poor building codes, dense informal housing, weak governance -> high vulnerability. Chile: strict codes, preparedness, wealth -> low vulnerability. Risk depends on vulnerability not just hazard

❓ Practice Questions

Questions:

  • Classify 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami
  • Explain greenhouse effect mechanism
  • Compare adaptation vs mitigation examples
  • Evaluate Paris Agreement effectiveness
  • Apply PAR model to a case study

🎬 Video Resources

📄 Past Papers & Exam Resources

🔗 Further Reading & Resources