FR32: Question Forms and Modal Verbs
Forming questions (three methods); modal verbs (pouvoir, devoir, vouloir, savoir); expressing ability and obligation
Forming questions (three methods); modal verbs (pouvoir, devoir, vouloir, savoir); expressing ability and obligation
Forming questions (three methods); modal verbs (pouvoir, devoir, vouloir, savoir); expressing ability and obligation
For this grammar point, you must know:
Q1: Write 4 sentences in French about question forms and modal verbs.
Q2: Write a paragraph (40-60 words) giving your opinion on question forms and modal verbs.
Q3: Translate into French: "I think question forms and modal verbs is important because..."
Students often forget to make adjectives agree. Wrong: Les filles sont petit. Correct: Les filles sont petites (feminine plural — add -es). Students also confuse the imperfect and perfect tenses. Wrong: Quand j'étais jeune, j'ai habité à Paris (perfect = single event). Correct: Quand j'étais jeune, j'habitais à Paris (imperfect = ongoing/habitual past).
Writing task: Write about forming questions (three methods); modal verbs (pouvoir, devoir, vouloir, savoir); expressing ability and obligation.
A grade 9 answer will: use at least three tenses accurately; include complex structures (subordinate clauses, pronouns, negation); show precise grammar (agreement, conjugation, spelling); express and justify opinions; include cultural knowledge; use a wide range of vocabulary; be well-organised with connecting words (cependant, en revanche, de plus, en conclusion).
Mark scheme: Content (relevance and detail) + Quality of language (accuracy and range) = total marks
AO1 — Knowledge: Show understanding of Question Forms and Modal Verbs by demonstrating accurate vocabulary and grammatical structures in the target language.
AO2 — Application: Apply your knowledge of Question Forms and Modal Verbs to understand and produce language in listening, reading, speaking and writing contexts.
AO3 — Analysis & Evaluation: Analyse and evaluate linguistic features related to Question Forms and Modal Verbs, demonstrating critical awareness of meaning, context and cultural references.
French has three ways to form questions, from informal to formal. (1) Intonation (informal, spoken): simply raise your voice at the end: Tu aimes le fromage? (Do you like cheese?). (2) Est-ce que (standard, spoken and written): Est-ce que tu aimes le fromage?. (3) Inversion (formal, written): Aimes-tu le fromage?. For GCSE, you should be able to use all three, with inversion being expected for Higher tier.
Question words: qui (who), que/qu'est-ce que (what), où (where), quand (when), comment (how), pourquoi (why), combien (de) (how many/how much), quel/quelle/quels/quelles (which/what — agrees with noun). Quel is followed by a noun: Quelle est ta matière préférée? (What is your favourite subject?). Qu'est-ce que asks about the object: Qu'est-ce que tu fais? (What are you doing?).
Inversion rules: for simple tenses, invert the subject and verb: Mange-t-il du fromage? (Does he eat cheese?). Add -t- between verb and pronoun when two vowel sounds clash: A-t-elle un frère? (Does she have a brother?). With compound tenses, invert the subject and auxiliary: As-tu mangé? (Have you eaten?). With a noun subject, keep the noun and add the pronoun: Marie aime-t-elle le fromage?
Intonation: Tu vas au cinéma? Est-ce que: Est-ce que tu vas au cinéma? Inversion: Vas-tu au cinéma? — Are you going to the cinema? (Three question forms in order of formality.)
Modal verbs are essential for GCSE French. Pouvoir (can/to be able to): je peux, tu peux, il peut, nous pouvons, vous pouvez, ils peuvent. Vouloir (to want): je veux, tu veux, il veut, nous voulons, vous voulez, ils veulent. Devoir (must/to have to): je dois, tu dois, il doit, nous devons, vous devez, ils doivent. These are all irregular and must be memorised.
Modal verbs are followed by another verb in the infinitive: Je peux nager (I can swim), Je veux voyager (I want to travel), Je dois étudier (I must study). In the conditional, they become more polite or hypothetical: Je voudrais (I would like), Je pourrais (I could), Je devrais (I should). These conditional forms are essential for GCSE speaking and writing.
The distinction between devoir meanings: je dois can mean "I must" (obligation) or "I owe" (Je lui dois dix euros). In the conditional, je devrais means "I should" (advice): Je devrais faire du sport (I should do sport). In the imperfect, je devais means "I was supposed to": Je devais partir à huit heures (I was supposed to leave at eight).
Je voudrais visiter le Sénégal. Je pourrais y aller cet été. Je devrais économiser pour payer le voyage. — I would like to visit Sénégal. I could go there this summer. I should save up to pay for the trip.
Asking questions about francophone culture shows engagement. Use all three question forms: Vous connaissez le Carnaval de Québec? (intonation — informal), Est-ce que le fromage français est le meilleur du monde? (est-ce que — standard), Pourquoi la gastronomie française est-elle classée par l'UNESCO? (inversion — formal). Use question words: Où se trouve l'île de Gorée? Quand a lieu la Fête de la Musique? Comment prépare-t-on le thiéboudienne?
Modal verbs express opinions about cultural practices: On devrait protéger l'exception culturelle française (We should protect the French cultural exception). Les jeunes pourraient apprendre des langues africaines (Young people could learn African languages). Il faut comprendre la teranga sénégalaise (One must understand Senegalese teranga). Je voudrais participer au Service Civique au Québec (I would like to participate in the Civic Service in Québec).
For Higher tier, combine questions and modals in complex structures: Pensez-vous qu'on devrait apprendre davantage sur la francophonie à l'école? Si j'avais l'occasion, je pourrais faire du bénévolat en Afrique francophone. Qu'est-ce que tu ferais si tu pouvais voyager dans n'importe quel pays francophone?
Pourquoi la gastronomie française est-elle classée par l'UNESCO? On devrait en savoir plus sur les traditions culinaires francophones. Pourriez-vous me parler de la teranga sénégalaise? — Why is French gastronomy classified by UNESCO? We should know more about francophone culinary traditions. Could you tell me about Senegalese teranga?
| Français | English | Exemple |
|---|---|---|
| est-ce que...? | is it that...? (question) | Est-ce que tu aimes le fromage? — Do you like cheese? |
| inversion | inversion (formal question) | Aimez-vous le fromage? — Do you like cheese? |
| qui? | who? | Qui est-ce? — Who is it? |
| où? | where? | Où habites-tu? — Where do you live? |
| pourquoi? | why? | Pourquoi est-ce important? — Why is it important? |
| quand? | when? | Quand a lieu la fête? — When does the festival take place? |
| comment? | how? | Comment s'appelle-t-il? — What is his name? |
| quel/quelle? | which/what? | Quelle est ta ville préférée? — What is your favourite city? |
| je peux / je pourrais | I can / I could | Je peux vous aider — I can help you |
| je veux / je voudrais | I want / I would like | Je voudrais un café — I would like a coffee |
| je dois / je devrais | I must / I should | Je dois étudier — I must study |
| combien (de)? | how much/how many? | Combien de pays francophones? — How many francophone countries? |
Q4: Posez trois questions sur la culture francophone en utilisant les trois formes (intonation, est-ce que, inversion). (Ask three questions about francophone culture using the three forms.)
Q5: Utilisez trois verbes modaux au conditionnel pour donner votre opinion sur la culture francophone. (Use three modal verbs in the conditional to give your opinion on francophone culture.)
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